The Ethical Theory Of Torture - 1111 Words

I have decided to write about the topic of torture, and will argue both sides of this ethical dilemma. To begin let’s talk about what defines torture. Torture is defined as one inflicting a great amount of physical pain or a great deal of mental anxiety and suffering on another person or persons. Torture became widely talked about, and a greatly debated ethical issue, when Inmates at a detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay were interrogated in the attempt to gather information to prevent domestic terror attacks or to gather information on al-Qaida forces in the Middle East. The base became famous when it was discovered that inmates at the facility were being tortured in ways that did not comply with the Geneva Convention. This brought forth the ethical issue of torture and sparked debate around the world on whether we should be conducting torture for national purposes or if it poses an ethical dilemma worldwide. I think the idea of torture can be considered justifiable under certain circumstances. The ethical theory of utilitarianism is a philosophical viewpoint which I believe would condone the idea of torture. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist view of ethics that focuses on the outcomes or consequences of certain actions, rather than the motivations or the character of the person taking the action. The core belief behind utilitarianism is the principle of happiness. This means actions should be based on their morality and based on how much utility is created. So howShow MoreRelatedEssay on Code of Ethics and Security Case Study1600 Words   |  7 PagesYears in Torture Case†, we evaluate from four different perspectives the different ethical theories; ethical relativism, ethical egoism, deontological ethics and ontological ethics to determine how the different perspectives support or condemn the conduct in this  case study. The case involves the brutal sodomizing of a black male Haitian immigrant, Abner Louima by two white New York police officers in 1997 (Hays, 2000). Upon review of each perspective, we will recommend which ethical theory resolvesRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Torture1633 Words   |  7 Pages In the United States legal system, torture is currently defined as â€Å"an act committed by a person acting under the color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) upon another person within his custody or physical control.† as defined by Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives (US Code, 1) Though this is a seemingly black and white definition, the conditional â€Å"†¦otherRead MoreAnalysis Of Ayer s Theory Of Emotivism1490 Words   |  6 Pages Ayer’s argument in Emotivism avoids Moore’s argument. In A.J. Ayer’s theory of Emotivism, he gives the modified version of Verification Principle and in my essay I will try to accomplish how using this modified version of verification principle. We can set our standards for the moral knowledge. A.J. Ayer, responded to the argument of moral knowledge with his theory of Emotivism. In his theory, A.J. Ayer states that ethical judgments are merely expressions of emotion. Moral judgements do not holdRead MoreTorture and Ethics1447 Words   |  6 PagesTour Torture and Ethics Paper CJA 530 January 31st, 2011 Eddie Koen Torture and Ethics Paper Torture is something that is known as wrong internationally. Torture is â€Å"deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons acting on the orders of authority, to force a person to yield information, to confess, or any other reason† (World Medical Association, 1975, pg.1). There is a general consensus that there is a rightRead MoreEssay on Death or Life1061 Words   |  5 Pagesdegrading treatment or punishment. First, Because one commits a crime does not justify us also committing a crime. In some instances we use horrible techniques to get information.† The deontological theory states that people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. This means that a person will follow his or her obligations to another individual or society because upholding ones duty is what is considered ethically correct. â€Å"(Rainbow) Does that mean thatRead MoreA Man Without Ethics Is A Wild Beast Loosed Upon The World Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesto evaluate different ethical approaches to find the best resolution. Moreover, one should say that an individual should examine the case through a lens of three major ethical theories, namely deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. Therefore, when presenting a viable solution to the case, it is essential to explore central premises of each theory while determining them to the overall notion of moral demandin gness. Furthermore, it is crucial to compare mentioned ethical approaches to determineRead MoreEthics Of Torture And Torture1113 Words   |  5 Pages Ethics of Torture The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines torture as the act of causing severe physical pain as a form of punishment or as a way to force someone to do or say something. But what would one call morally acceptable torture? Is sleep depriving a criminal in order to find out the location of a missing person wrong? Does waterboarding a terrorist to find out information count as a morally correct reason to torture? Recently the C.I.A. released a detailed torture report to the publicRead MoreThe Moral Principles Of Torture991 Words   |  4 Pagesprinciples of torture. Torture has been carried out or sanctioned by individuals, groups, and states throughout history from ancient times to modern day, and forms of torture can vary greatly in duration from only a few minutes to several days or longer. (Torture, 2016). Torture is the act of inflicting excruciating pain, as punishment or revenge, as means of getting a confession or information, or for sheer cruelty. (Torture, 2016). Now that we have an idea behind the meaning of torture, we need toRead MoreIs Utilitarianism Too Demanding?1046 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism is clearly a demanding theory. The theory can sometimes fail to live up to expectations, if the demands of the theory have not been maximised for the sum total of welfare in the universe. When there is singular distress some hardships cannot be alleviated, providing that per forming an alternative action cannot do even more good. John Mackie argued utilitarianism as an â€Å"ethics of fantasy†. A theory that is so demanding must turn out to be counterproductive. If all requirements wereRead MoreEthical Positions Research Paper : Torture1517 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Positions research paper Olivier Ishtiaq Torture Since -9/11, torture has been official US policy by George Bush at the highest levels of government. On September 17, 2001, George Bush signed a secret finding empowering CIA to Capture, Kill, or Interrogate Al-Queda Leaders. (Lendman, 2008). It also authorized establishing a secret global facilities to detain and interrogate them without guidelines on proper treatment. In the same time, Bush approved a secret high-value target list of

The Bizarre Secret of King Arthur Essay Topics

The Bizarre Secret of King Arthur Essay Topics Top King Arthur Essay Topics Choices Of the King, there was not any sign. There are a lot of Welsh literature that might have inspired Geoffrey to compose his History. There hasn't been any archeological evidence a real King Arthur ever existed. What You Should Do to Find Out About King Arthur Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind In mort Darthur the very first sword that's used do break. The myth that includes King Arthur pulling the sword from the stone stipulates some with evidence he was a genuine king because only a real king would be in a position to even pull the sword from the stone. You are not able to get near the stones. It is going to definitely supply you with a night that's well worth remembering. The primary difference between both movies that's clearly evident is that of the sword. There are hundreds and hundreds of men coming from different portion of the land across sea, dessert to attempt to select the sword from the rock. It's expected that the guy who receives the sword from the stone will need to inherit the kingdom after him. 1 man couldn't possibly have fought in them all. A Secret Weapon for King Arthur Essay Topics You need to remember the correct structure of a typical essay. To do this, you need to acquire a guide to compose the best essay on the selected topic. Administrator You will most likely find customized essays. A financial essay can begin with a thesis, or it may start out with a theme. All you need to do is contact an expert essay writer at MyPerfectWords. Nowadays you know a little for what online essay writers do, there are a number of important reasons why you will need to only trust experienced academic writers to provide you with an adequate paper. You may want to turn in to attentive as soon as you're writing on issue and pick a negative. Don't forget that a thesis statement for a research paper ought to be a statement that it is possible to prove or disprove. PaperCoach can assist you with all your papers, so take a look at this time! Since you may see, writing university papers is a challenging challenge. Now you can get essay papers online and save significant moment! What King Arthur Essay Topics Is - and What it Is Not The fundamental trick of making some bit of writing impressive and exciting is to concentrate on the subject of your interest. Furthermore, it provides you a notion of the means by which the people around perceive you, permitting you to compose a more holistic reflective essay. On the finished part, you can also compare the documentary with others in the same genre or subject so as to produce readers have more thorough comprehension of the review. You may need to do a small amount of reading in order to comprehend the theoretical perspectives of your experience. This type of essay is a perfect chance to expose and talk about your insight about a topic. Argumentative essays show a more balanced view of the problem and talk about either side. Look past the obvious choices. Top King Arthur Essay Topics Choices It's possible to purchase essay writing (or any other kind of academic assignment) from our top-rated on-line business and get perfectly written custom products each time. Getting essay help may be a tricky selection. The assistance of a professional can definitely make a world of a distinction. Stays focused on what you require. Joseph of Arimathea would need to be an apostle to meet the requirements for this position. We're fearful of feeling weak. Arthur was brave in various ways. Other stories of chivalry which did not include Arthur existed within this time period also. Doesn't let you know what you require, but asks insightful questions to help you locate the answers for yourself. A critical thing is to select a suit able topic that it's very very likely to cover. Perhaps it's none of those. Following that, narrow down the list and decide on the last topic by researching the available info about this issue. You simply must be prepared to listen, acknowledge their contribution, and consider it worthwhile. There's clearly no trust between both parties involved and a huge amount of tension. The very first words you write don't will have to be part of the last edition. If you devote an inordinate amount of time thinking how you're likely to write that first sentence, you could wind up with minimal time to finish and submit it. The Debate Over King Arthur Essay Topics Strong essays can set you besides various applicants and give you a chance to showcase what you as someone could bring to every university. The world the past couple of days has seem like a completely different experience without him around. It was not till 25 decades later that mention was initially made of the Round Table. At exactly the same time, the effect of King Arthur will continue being a valuable part of history also. Many stories are found around the world relating to this legend. In a more citation of Arthurian legend, a parenthetic reference was designed to the vessel that is there referred to as the Holy Grail. Terraria is a well-liked sandbox adventure game with some building mechanics. While there's no true evidence to suggest that King Arthur actually existed, the story has existed for centuries and has come to be the sign of British history.

Audience Engagement

Question: What the heck does "Ad Hoc" mean? Answer: Introduction of the product Etna Coffee has planned to give a different taste to the people of London with a fat-free cookie and with the taste of green tea. Until now, cookies and cakes have been introduced in different flavors, Etna Coffee thought of giving the customers a change of taste. The customers are always looking for change and innovation in the products. The customers are always attracted to the company that always gives something new to the taste buds of the people. it might sound different that the term chocolate, vanilla, coffee and mango, yet it is expected that products will gain momentum Introduction of the persona For the green tea-flavored cookies, the main personas who will be suited for such kinds of products are the health conscious people (Pruitt Adlin, 2010). Nowadays, the problem is at a rise in the society and the people are finding ways of reducing their weight. The companies that sell different kinds of products that will help the people to lose weight. When on one hand, there are products like vibration belts; on the other hand, there are creams that help in reducing the fat. Fitting the persona with the product The health conscious people stay away from cookies, cakes and pastries in the fear of gaining weight. In such a situation, if they come across products that will help them in keeping a check on their weight along with a good a taste of cookies (Spool, 2011). The exact flavor of green tea will not be there in the cookies. Along with green tea, it will have mild coffee flavor. As both green tea and coffee have biter flavor, hence it will be easier for the makers to blend the taste of the two products and will eventually will help them in attracting the personas ("Bolt | Peters| Modular Personas", 2016). References Bolt | Peters| Modular Personas. (2016).Boltpeters.com. Retrieved 25 June 2016, from https://boltpeters.com/design/personas/ Pruitt, J. Adlin, T. (2010).The essential persona lifecycle. San Francisco, Calif.: Morgan Kaufmann. Spool, J. (2011).When Does A Persona Stop Being A Persona? UIE Brain Sparks.Uie.com. Retrieved 25 June 2016, from https://www.uie.com/brainsparks/2011/12/15/when-does-a-persona-stop-being-a-persona/

Organized Hypocrisy Essay Example

Organized Hypocrisy Essay Every nation wants to contain its own powers and privileges. Of course it is needed. Any nation satisfying the definition of state can expect the powers and privileges of its own. It does not like others involvement in its matter by other nations. The ability of a nation to constrain other involvement in its internal affairs is called sovereignty.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e.g. legislative, judicial, and/or executive) authority over a geographic region, group of people, or oneself. A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no other†. The concept of sovereignty got worldwide recognition with the idea of peace, establishment of League of Nations and U.N.O etc. The U.N.O in its charter clearly says about non-interference of other states in the internal affairs of any county. But in reality it is not going to work as we expected. We are seeing internal affairs means only as political affairs, policy affairs. But th ese things are indirectly influenced by other 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wikipedia factors like pro-westernization, economy, its influence on international arena, etc.   Due influence of more number of factors which are showing impact on the sovereignty of a country, the concept of sovereignty has lost its relevance in today’s modern world.   It is nothing like organized hypocrisy rather than true sovereignty.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"The abolition of inter-state war was the declared goal of the Charter of the UN. Today, the aim seems to include the abolition of internal war as well which implies a redefinition both of internal sovereignty and the non-intervention principle.† We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Hypocrisy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Hypocrisy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Hypocrisy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The term sovereignty has been used in four ways  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International legal sovereignty  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Westphalia sovereignty  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Domestic sovereignty  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interdependence sovereignty 1. Eberwein, Wolf-dieter;  Badie, Bertrand ; Ingenta Connect 1.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"International Legal Sovereignty: Practices associated with mutual recognition, usually between territorial entities that have formal juridical independence, it contains authority and legitimacy but not control. 2. Westphalian Sovereignty refers to p.org based on the exclusion of external actors from authority structures with in a given territory. 3. Domestic Sovereignty: Formal org of political authority with in the state and the ability of public authorities to exercise effective controls with in borders of their own policy. It is sharing both authority and control. 4. Interdependence Sovereignty, Ability of public authorities to regulate the flow of information, ideas, goods, people, pollutants or capital across the borders of their state, concerned control only, no authority.† Sovereignty became part and parcel of every written constitution and also included in other forms in unwritten 1. Krasner, Organized Hypocrisy constitutions as well. Each and every country talks about its sovereign functions and its sovereignty. For small countries is trying to make propaganda to safe guard its self-interest. This is mainly propagated by the top-level officials to low level officials. However the propaganda of top level is only accountable. These leaders use this in an organized way. They are using it for building personal image  and for the country benefits as well. They make use of the word again and again in a planned way, this helps the country to make progress and continue its respect in international stage. Some times they speak crossing their limitations and also accusing other rival nations which later have to be resolved diplomatically. However human factor has its own influence and it is the main real factor to make things in organized way by several means like propaganda, diplomacy etc. Sovereignty is important and also must need thing now in this period of time is which we think, however in reality it is not so, the concept of sovereignty is loosing its worth. It looks just like an organized hypocrisy now with many developments going around in a quick rate. Hypocrisy means the practice of claiming to have higher standard of beliefs than in the case.   This hypocrisy is poised in a planned and a systematic way to get acceptance of all the sections of people. Every country have its own strategy to maintain that hypocrisy knowingly for its own benefits starting from very big country to small countries depending upon its own requirements. Concept of sovereignty is loosing its grip due to number of factors already stated. These include  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political affairs  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pro-westernization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diplomatic relations.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International system  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Globalization. Some students of international politics take sovereignty as an analytic assumption, other as a description of the practice of actors, and still others as a generative grammar. There is actor oriented perspective Krasner in his books organized hypocrisy focused on actor – oriented perspective. But he says the actors are not the nations like in neo-liberalism, neo-realism etc., International order is must needed thing now or else within no time the world will collapse. This order helps to bind the international society together. â€Å"There are four care values in the present international system. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The maintenance of minimum public order, meaning the avoidance of behavior that would risk general war. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Self-determination, although this term lacks any specific meaning beyond decolonization. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Minimum human rights, which consists of the nation that a state violates international norms if it denies on â€Å"identifiable ¹ group equal access to the political, economic and social perquisite of that society.† 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modernization, the assertion that living standards should be raised through at the world.† Several international attempts were also dare to maintain balance with in a country between rulers and the minority groups. Minority groups means any section of society whether based on religion, 1. Krasner, Organized Hypocrisy language etc., who are in lesser number are treated as minorities. These people’s rights will be sometimes discarded, and then the rulers say it is their internal affairs. It has sovereign right to deal it by itself. There are several   instances in past and present as well, where such a  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   situation has raised, for example in the Ottoman Empire, Fiji, where settlers are minority groups here, Sunni-Shia conflicts in many Arab countries, struggle between tribal groups in African countries. The claim of the states is that it is their internal affair and no one has right to interfere. Depending upon the issue the international community is interfering and asking the nations to deal the issue in a justified manner. Though there are several methods just like diplomacy, through international institutions , negotiations etc and if they are not going to work out then through economic sanctions , shutting down the diplomatic relations etc.,. Another important factor which influences Sovereignty is very new concept that is Globalization.   We are now staying in a global village where we cannot deny relations with others. If any country does that it will be the looser in the end of the day. Nations will suffer and the citizens of that country will be the real victims of the leaders polices. They say that they have every right to have their own agenda.   These agenda should be accepted by internationally community. Now with the revolution in telecommunications each and every aspect of development of all countries are known to all. If any country go according it own whi ms and fancies the international community is curtailing it with a strategy of collective economic sanctions enforced by international organizations. There are several instances where economic sanctions were imposed. Some of the examples are sanctions on Iraq after Gulf War, sanctions on India and Pakistan after Nuclear Tests, on South Africa for showing racial discrimination, etc. like this there are several examples. Like this there is no freedom to do according to its interests. But unfortunately this is not going to apply for developed countries. They are influencing the international organizations to give financial assistance to the smaller countries and to keep sanctions on them. This is possible due to their higher stake in those. This is making fun of the concept of Sovereignty. This will lose confidence on them and small countries will not trust them. Some countries are ending their relations with IMF and WB.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez announced that his country had withdrawn from the IMF and WB.† And some other Latin American countries like Nicaraguan, Argentina etc are in that way. After giving due importance to developed countries also the international institutions though they are claiming that they are safeguarding the interests of nations and their sovereignty. This is nothing other than the organized Hypocrisy by international community controlled by developed nations. By above examples we may come to a conclusion that international community and globalization is dominating the states sovereignty but is not totally correct as we see. Even though the other factors are looking in front but the real player is the human factor which is influencing all the things.  ²Ã¢â‚¬Å"What Krasner regards as ‘organized hypocrisy’ may also be perceived, at least with some compassion for our human infirmities, as the 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Venezuela to Quit IMF, WB. Deccan Chronicle 2. Krasner, Emperor’s New Clothes. inherent, perforce ineluctable, contradictions of political existence. Hence, stretching this claim to its ultimate limits, it would follow that in the world of history and politics, the human actor, with all his/her constraints and contingencies, has precedence over institutions and structures, that personal decisions override international norms. For the politics of meaning, even for the modern man, lies beyond the politics of state-sovereignty.† How many numbers of the factors may be or what ever the levels of their impact may be these factors undermined the concept of sovereignty which had lot of importance in the earlier days. But now it looks just like an organized hypocrisy.   Unless there are streamlined basic principles established by international conventions and accepted by international community and each and every nation in the world, we may forget the concept of sovereignty forever which is not good for the nations and world at large in long run.

Essay on Rubbish system

Essay on Rubbish system Essay on Rubbish system Rubbish system Solar Panels Problem The rubbish that is we are littering on our streets and waterways do is affecting the life of our marine animals and destroys their food chain. Only 20 % of the litter that is produced goes to landfill. The remainder goes to waste recycling, into streets; parks and ocean which ills marine life and small landfill that cannot create energy. There are many types of rubbish systems, however one of the best rubbish disposal is the most common is household waste. You put your rubbish in the bin, which is connected with a pipe that is under ground. The pipe pumps the rubbish to a landfill place where it stays for a period of time. Consolidated in this place you can get energy from the gases that are released. The gases are called methane and carbon dioxide. Once processes completed you can use that energy or sell it to a power company for profit. Is a good way to generate energy? It is sustainable process and saleable product. How does it work; the suns enters into a crystal panel converter that uses the energy of the sun and turns it into power. The excess power not used goes into a grid that you can store or sold to a power station for income. Using energy in this form we reduce our carbon footprint and stop polluting our environment for a safe and healthy free future. Wind Turbines Problem Our earth keeps on getting warmer and warmer due to Release of gases called Methane and carbon dioxide and Making the earth like a greenhouse trapping the heat. We need to use these solutions to our advantage and stop Our earth turning our earth into a greenhouse. Wind turbines are placed in open field that gets a lot of wind Through them. They are often located on the coastline or in Specific locations where wind is strong. The wind spins the Turbine the movement generates energy which goes into a Grid and can be stores in a grid available for use when needed. Sewage water Sewage is where your human waste goes, unfortunately most of the sewage goes out into the ocean that which effects marine life. Sewage is where your human waste is discarded. The dirty water flows down the sink or toilet to the sewer treatment plant where it is cleaned then you can recycle it. Then it is ready to be consumed and it is piped to house where it is as clean as new. How does it work? Your human waste goes through tunnels to get to work site to be cleaned. Flowing through sand filters to get rid of the dirt cleans it. Cleaned water is then pumped into reservoirs a pipes and flows

Narrative Essay Topic

Narrative Essay Topic Narrative Essay Topic Narrative Essay Topic: Interesting and Unusual If you have received a task to write a narrative essay, the first thing you have to care about is narrative essay topic. If you understand all the seriousness of the task of creating or choosing narrative essay topics, you will write a good narrative essay. You see, the choice of narrative essay topic is the most difficult task in the whole process of narrative essay writing. It is even more difficult to choose narrative essay topic than to write the whole essay. Thus, this article offers you some interesting and not standard narrative essay topics, which are going to be approved and admired by your professor. Make use of narrative essay topics presented in the article and your piece of academic writing is doomed to success.The biggest lie I have ever told and its circumstances; A moment of your glory. A failure to remember and what it taught you. Frightening experience Unusual experience The goals you are going to achieve T he ways of achieving goals What failure can teach Your dangerous experience An event which has changed your life An event which has changed your believes An event which has changed your outlook The day when you have taken a decision to change your life A very important discovery We hope these narrative essay topics will help you with the choice of your own narrative essay topic. If you do not choose anything from this very list, at least, you will get a perception in which direction to walk while choosing narrative essay topic. If you are in need of some more unusual narrative essay topics, you are welcome to visit our site where you can find hundreds of different narrative essay topics and make use of them in your own essay. If it is too difficult for you to make up your mind with the choice of narrative essay topic, you may give such a task to our professional academic writers who will create a great narrative essay topic, which will bring you to success in your narrat ive essay writing. Therefore, visit our site and get more information about narrative essay topics and all the other necessary information, which will be supporting you during the process of narrative essay writing. By the way, we offer you this information for you free of charge.

Human Resources Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources Strategies - Essay Example Job applicants who take on-site interviews without seriously considering the prospective employer emerge to be ethically incorrect. Such candidates in most cases do not attend the interviews or written test as it is a requirement of any organization before employment (Kleiman, 2009). Ethical job applicants are prepared at all times and when unable to attend the interviews or written tests due to an important reason, they always inform their employer well in advance and ask him or her to make another arrangement if possible. Unethical job applicants who only take the on-site interviews knowing very well that they are not considering the organization a potential employer makes the organization to lose both financially and man hours in preparing interviews and written test. Job applicants who engage in unethical behaviors pose a great negative impact to the production of the organization. Such behaviors as laziness hastiness, being late for work and leaving early or not taking responsibilities of the new job seriously gives a strong negative impression to the employer. Candidates of this kind are less productive and do not perform to the standards expected by the employer. As such a conflict is likely to arise between the employer and the employee. This can often lead to organization failure in achieving its goals (Kleiman, 2009). There are job applicants who engage in unethical behavior such as bribery in order to get employed. Job recruiters when confronted by such situations may fail to make rational decision and avoid errors and this ending up in an unfair recruitment. This significantly lowers the reputation and tarnishes the name of the organization. Unethical job applicants may lead to hiring of employees and over staffing due to overoptimistic p rojections. When this projection are not met, unpleasant measures by the organization are employed in order to please the stakeholders and keep in pace with the competitors. These are measures in an attempt to cutback, restructure and downsize the organization are undertaken (Kleiman, 2009). Such an undertaking harms the future recruitment efforts of the organization, as potential employees will develop a perception of job insecurity in the particular organization. Furthermore, over staffing directly leads to underutilization of the talented recruits that leads to dissatisfaction. As such the corporate loyalty of the organization is impacted negatively. Each member of the human resource is therefore faced with the challenge of developing convincing ideas and priorities in trying to come up with the solutions to the problem. Furthermore, unethical job applicants leads to a decrease in morale among the workers in an organization. The middle class managers and those who are actually in volve in bringing the positive change to the organization become pessimistic about the possibility of sustained future change. This way, they start questioning their ability to make reasonable profit to the organization. Such a situation calls for the each member of the human resource to see into ways of totally transforming the organization. The corporate culture, knowledge base, skills level, style of leadership and team orientation would have to undergo change, for all the employees. The human each member of th

Exam 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Exam 4 - Essay Example The state especially in the southern region devised and emphasized laws that augmented disunity among its citizens whereby whites felt they had the mandate to oppress others. This exceeded to the extent of natives claiming to have unrestrained desire of acquiring slaves whom they could use for their domestic and heavy tasks besides mistreating them. In that ancient era, the constitution and the union did not advocate or cater for Blacks’ needs in America. For instance, they were required to have written permits from their employers if they desired to pass through certain areas only preserved for whites. If they did not adhere to these requirements, they suffered severe consequences like fines, forced to work in roads or even imprisoned. This culture of slavery was more common in the southern America were civilization was the key issue then advocated to equal that of N. America. Consequently, more laborers were required who turned out to be Blacks. Southerners preferred servitu de because it was cheap in that they did not have to pay the enslaved thus ensured increased productivity. This prompted these regions being adamant in yielding to the demands of abolishing servitude to the extent of pushing even the Northerners to adopt the same mainly for economic purposes. However, Northerners disagreed completely about that issue and in turn sought its abolishment throughout America. The gap between the Northerners and Southerners’ territories slowly continued to widen due to these disagreements that remained unresolved. Initially, these disagreements about slave labor triggered civil war because the two territories failed to have adequate negotiable terms regarding the matter. Abolition of servitude spearheaded by Abraham Lincoln regime that aimed at advocating equality both socially or politically helped the entire America

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Essay We acknowledge with sincere thanks the many people who gave generously of their time to help us with this work. We particularly appreciate the expertise and advice o? ered by Arnon Bentovim, Richard Velleman, Lorna Templeton, Carolyn Davies and Sheena Prentice. The work has been funded by the Department for Education and we thank sta? in the department, particularly Jenny Gray who supported us throughout the work with her interest and valuable comments. The work was assisted by an advisory group whose membership was: Isabella Craig and Jenny Gray (Department for Education); Christine Humphrey (Department of Health) and Sian Rees (NICE); Arnon Bentovim (consultant child and adolescent psychiatrist at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and the Tavistock Clinic); Marian Brandon (reader in social work, University of East Anglia); Carolyn Davies (research advisor, Institute of Education, University of London); Jo Fox (social work consultant, Child-Centred Practice); David Jones (consultant child and family psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry; University of Oxford); Sue McGaw (specialist in learning disabilities, Cornwall Partnership Trust); Sheena Prentice (specialist midwife in substance misuse, Nottingham City PCT); Wendy Rose (The Open University); Lorna Templeton (manager of the Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Research Programme, University of Bath); and Richard Velleman (University of Bath and director of development and research, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust). Introduction This second edition of Children’s Needs – Parenting Capacity provides an update on the impact of parental problems, such as substance misuse, domestic violence, learning disability and mental illness, on children’s welfare. Research, and in particular the biennial overview reports of serious case reviews (Brandon et al 2008; 2009; 2010), have continued to emphasise the importance of understanding and acting on concerns about children’s safety and welfare when living in households where these types of parental problems are present. Almost three quarters of the children in both this and the 2003-05 study had been living with past or current domestic violence and or parental mental ill health and or substance misuse – often in combination. (Brandon et al 2010, p. 112) These concerns were very similar to those that prompted the ? rst edition of this book, which was commissioned following the emergence of these themes from the Department of Health’s programme of child protection research studies (Department of Health 1995a). These studies had demonstrated that a high level of parental mental illness, problem alcohol and drug abuse and domestic violence were present in families of children who become involved in the child protection system. Research context The 2010 Government statistics for England demonstrate that, as in the 1990s, only a very small proportion of children referred to children’s social care become the subject of a child protection plan (Department for Education 2010b). However, the types of parental problems outlined above are not con? ned to families where a child is the subject of a child protection plan (Brandon et al. 2008, 2009, 2010; Rose and Barnes 2008). In many families children’s health and development are being a? ected by the di? culties their parents are experiencing. The ? ndings from research, however, suggest that services are not always forthcoming. Practically a quarter of referrals to children’s social care resulted in no action being taken (Cleaver and Walker with Meadows 2004). Lord Laming’s progress report (2009) also expressed concerns that referrals to children’s services from other professionals did not always lead to an initial assessment and that ‘much more needs to be done to ensure that the services are as e? ective as possible at working together to achieve positive outcomes for children’ (Lord Laming 2009, p. 9, paragraph 1. 1). Practitioners’ fear of failing to identify a child in need of protection is also a factor driving up the numbers of referrals to children’s social care services which result in no provision of help. ‘This is creating a skewed system that is paying so much attention to identifying cases of abuse 2 Children’s Needs – Parenting Capacity and neglect that it is draining time and resource away from families’ (Munro 2010, p. 6). Munro’s Interim Report (2011) draws attention once again to the highly traumatic experience for children and families who are drawn into the Child Protection system where maltreatment is not found, which leaves them with a fear of asking for help in the future. A ? nding which was identi? ed by earlier research on child protection (Cleaver and Freeman 1995). Evidence from the 1995 child protection research (Department of Health 1995a) indicated that when parents have problems of their own, these may adversely a? ect their capacity to respond to the needs of their children. For example, Cleaver and Freeman (1995) found in their study of suspected child abuse that in more than half of the cases, families were experiencing a number of problems including mental illness or learning disability, problem drinking and drug use, or domestic violence. A similar picture of the di? culties facing families who have been referred to children’s social care services emerges from more recent research (Cleaver and Walker with Meadows 2004). It is estimated that there are 120,000 families experiencing multiple problems, including poor mental health, alcohol and drug misuse, and domestic violence. ‘Over a third of these families have children subject to child protection procedures’ (Munro 2011, p. 30, paragraph 2. 30). Children’s services have the task of identifying children who may need additional services in order to improve their well-being as relating to their: (a) physical and mental health and emotional well-being; (b) protection from harm and neglect; (c) education, training and recreation; (d) the contribution made by them to society; and (e) social and economic well-being. (Section 10(2) of the Children Act 2004) The Common Assessment Framework (Children’s Workforce Development Council 2010) and the Assessment Framework (Department of Health et al. 2000) enable frontline professionals working with children to gain an holistic picture of the child’s world and identify more easily the di? culties children and families may be experiencing. Although research suggests that social workers (Cleaver et al. 2007) and health professionals are equipped to recognise and respond to indications that a child is being, or is likely to be, abused or neglected, there is less evidence in relation to teachers and the police (Daniel et al. 2009). The identi? cation of children’s needs may have improved, but understanding how parental mental illness, learning disabilities, substance misuse and domestic violence a? ect children and families still requires more attention. For example, a small in-depth study found less than half (46%) of the managers in children’s social care, health and the police rated as ‘good’ their understanding of the impact on children of parental substance misuse, although this rose to 61% in relation to the impact of domestic violence (Cleaver et al. 2007). The need for more training on assessing the likelihood of harm to children of parental drug and alcohol misuse Introduction 3 was also highlighted by a survey of 248 newly quali? ed social workers (Galvani and Forrester 2009). A call for more high-quality training on child protection across social care, health and police was also made by Lord Laming (2009). Munro’s review of child protection in exploring ‘why previous well-intentioned reforms have not resulted in the expected level of improvements’ (p. 3) highlighted the ‘unintended consequences of restrictive rules and guidance’, which have left social workers feeling that ‘their professional judgement is not seen as a signi? cant aspect of the social work task; it is no longer an activity which is valued, developed or rewarded’ (Munro 2010, p. 30, paragraph 2. 16). The experience of professionals providing specialist services for adults can support assessments of children in need living with parental mental illness, learning disability, substance misuse or domestic violence. Research, however, shows that in such cases collaboration between adults’ and children’s services at the assessment stage rarely happens (Cleaver et al. 2007; Cleaver and Nicholson 2007) and a lack of relevant information may negatively a? ect the quality of decision making (Bell 2001). An agreed consensus of one another’s roles and responsibilities is essential for agencies to work collaboratively. The evidence provided to the Munro review (2011) found ‘mixed experiences and absence of consensus about how well professionals are understanding one another’s roles and working together’ and argues for ‘thoughtfully designed local agreements between professionals about how best to communicate with each other about their work with a family ’ (Munro 2011, p. 28, paragraph 2. 23). Although research shows that the development of joint protocols and informationsharing procedures support collaborative working between children’s and adults’ services (Cleaver et al. 2007), a survey of 50 English local authorities found only 12% had clear family-focused policies or joint protocols (Community Care 2009).

Oppression (native Son) :: essays research papers

Oppression   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel Native Son written by Richard Wright a young adult named Bigger Thomas goes through a metamorphosis, from sanity to insanity. He starts out a normal trouble youth, living in a run down housing project, where all he does is hang out with his gang. But the city relief program gives him an opportunity to work and make something of himself. All he has to do is chauffeur for a very rich family. But on his first job everything goes wrong and he ends up murdering the family’s daughter. Through this novel Bigger meets many other people, which have the same oppression as him but handle it in different ways. Some of these people include his mother, his girlfriend, and Max his lawyer. All of these people have a certain amount of oppression given to them by the outside world. The only difference is the way each one of them handle it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since Bigger was a little boy he has felt very oppressed by the world because he was black. Bigger feels that he has nothing to be proud of so he takes this oppression to the heart and turns it into fear. The only way that he could express himself was to show the world that they should not oppress what they don’t know the power of. Bigger demonstrated that he should be feared and acknowledged by murdering the daughter of a very rich family. At one point after Bigger killed the daughter stated that “...for the first time in my fear-ridden life a barrier of protection between him and a world of fear.';(p. 119) Bigger feels as though know that he has killed this person that all will be well because of this new sense of power that he received from doing this horrible act. At this point Bigger feels assured that he could fool the world into thinking that he was normal. He started referring to all the people around him as blind, even when they where alr eady physically blind; “Ms. Dalton was blind; yes blind in more ways than one';(p. 120) but in his own mind he no longer felt the oppression or fear after he killed the Daughter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next most oppressed person is Bigger’s mother. She can not get a job because she is black and is of the female gender. So the world has oppressed her into poverty and the only way that she can respond to this oppression is to pray and worship the lord. Oppression (native Son) :: essays research papers Oppression   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel Native Son written by Richard Wright a young adult named Bigger Thomas goes through a metamorphosis, from sanity to insanity. He starts out a normal trouble youth, living in a run down housing project, where all he does is hang out with his gang. But the city relief program gives him an opportunity to work and make something of himself. All he has to do is chauffeur for a very rich family. But on his first job everything goes wrong and he ends up murdering the family’s daughter. Through this novel Bigger meets many other people, which have the same oppression as him but handle it in different ways. Some of these people include his mother, his girlfriend, and Max his lawyer. All of these people have a certain amount of oppression given to them by the outside world. The only difference is the way each one of them handle it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since Bigger was a little boy he has felt very oppressed by the world because he was black. Bigger feels that he has nothing to be proud of so he takes this oppression to the heart and turns it into fear. The only way that he could express himself was to show the world that they should not oppress what they don’t know the power of. Bigger demonstrated that he should be feared and acknowledged by murdering the daughter of a very rich family. At one point after Bigger killed the daughter stated that “...for the first time in my fear-ridden life a barrier of protection between him and a world of fear.';(p. 119) Bigger feels as though know that he has killed this person that all will be well because of this new sense of power that he received from doing this horrible act. At this point Bigger feels assured that he could fool the world into thinking that he was normal. He started referring to all the people around him as blind, even when they where alr eady physically blind; “Ms. Dalton was blind; yes blind in more ways than one';(p. 120) but in his own mind he no longer felt the oppression or fear after he killed the Daughter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next most oppressed person is Bigger’s mother. She can not get a job because she is black and is of the female gender. So the world has oppressed her into poverty and the only way that she can respond to this oppression is to pray and worship the lord.

Concept Of An Internal Combustion Engine Engineering Essay

The chief map of an engine in all different types that they exist as is to alter the energy stored in fuel as chemical energy into a thermic energy which is a signifier where the engine can pull out and bring forth mechanical work end products from it. [ 1 ] Normally the engine is the device that makes all of this possible by leting the air/fuel mixture to travel through different sort of phases to make to the chief end which is pull outing mechanical work out of the chief energy supply which is normally chemical energy [ 1 ] . There are two different type of engines which are: internal burning engine, an external burning Engine, the chief difference between the two is where the Burning of fuel happens, in an external engine the burning of fuel/ air mixture happens outside the cylinder halls, while on the other manus the burning take topographic point inside the cylinder of the Piston in the internal burning engine [ 1 ] . There are different constituents that together organize an internal burning engine some of the of import 1s are: Cylinder form that contains Piston traveling up and down of it, Spark stopper to light the fuel/air mixture, Valves ( recess and fumes ) , Piston rings, Connecting rods, and Crankshafts ( Refer to calculate 1 to exemplify the Engine constituents ) [ 2 ] . Figure Engine parts The engine nomenclature can be summarised by four simple stairss: first measure being the recess valve gap and the Piston traveling down indoors a cylinder to allow as much air/fuel mixture into the cylinder as possible and so step two takes topographic point where the Piston moves back upwards to compact the mixture this is done merely when both valves are closed recess and exhaust valves is closed to halt any opportunity of mixture escaping, the 3rd phase is summarised by the ignition of the mixture to let go of thermic energy which causes the Piston to be driven down to pull out all the energy through Piston and linking rod. Once the energy is extracted the Piston hit the underside of the cylinder the fumes valve is unfastened to let to force the fuel outside of the cylinders so the rhythm can be so once more carried out [ 2 ] .this will be farther explained in subdivisions below.there are different sort of ways in which internal burning engines can be classified under such as: ba sed on thermodynamic rhythms, working rhythms, Fuel used in it, Method of ignition, Speeds, method of chilling, lubrication systems, application country and basic engine designs and many others [ 1 ] . However a focal point is drawn to two types of engines in this article which are: Diesel engine, Petroleum engine and chiefly a deeper research and focal point is done on the crude oil internal burning engine [ 1 ] . There is a quite difference between the two engines, in an Otto Engine ( crude oil engine ) , the first difference is being that the Otto engine suction phase suctions in both fuel and air together while Diesel engine suction in air merely and so shoot fuel in the air, hence more constituents are required in the Petroleum engines as a portion needed to blend the fuel and air before come ining the burning chamber which are normally carburetors and parts to light the mixture to let go of thermic energy out of it unlike in Diesel engine where self-ignite is carried out. Furthermore, they operate with different compaction ratios with crude oil holding less compaction ratios and many other differences are shown in the tabular array below [ 1 ] . Internal burning engine ( Spark ignition ) the four shot engine existed of all time since 1876 when Otto introduced his Figure Comparison between Spark ignition engine and Compression ignition engines thought at the universe exhibition in Paris and it was found that his thought of Otto engines is considered to be most economical at that clip, merely like any other engineering that exist and introduced to the market the Four shot engine has gone under different sort of accommodation to increase the efficiency and to better the functionality and adaptation for new sort of different application. However the construct still remains the same as the map of Otto engines is define by an Otto Cycle which consists of 4 Phases in each of these phases a critical timings and different factors affect the work, the chief thought was summarized before but now a farther account is given with respect of how an Spark ignition internal burning engine work [ 3 ] . As said earlier, Otto Engines are called four shot engines which mean each engine rhythm take four phases to finish, or in another words the Piston has to go four times inside the cylinder in order to bring forth any work [ 3 ] . First phase being the suction phase which is illustrated in figure 4, portion ( a ) this phase start by the recess valve unfastened to let air/fuel mixture to come in the cylinder when the Piston caput moves down to suck in air/fuel mixture, while in the same clip the fumes valve is closed to halt escaping gases, this phase halt when the Piston has travelled to the full to the underside and the Inlet valve shutting. This besides can be seen as the 0-1 phase on the P-V diagram in Figure 3 [ 3 ] . Second phase is explained as the compaction phase, where the chemical mixture is compressed and it is illustrated in figure 4, portion ( B ) . In this phase both valve is closed for the same ground earlier which is to halt mixture from get awaying while the Piston is compacting it during upward motion this can be seen in 1-2 in a P-V diagram figure 3, towards the terminal of this phase the tight mixture is so ignited to utilizing a flicker stopper which is normally found in the Centre of the cylinder, this ignition helps in altering the chemical energy into a thermic energy signifier which will consequences in high addition in temperature inside the burning chamber, this is shown by 2-3 on the P-V diagram figure 4 [ 3 ] . Phase 3 could be explained as the phase where enlargement is go oning which is illustrated in Figure 4 portion ( degree Celsius ) .the status is about the same as the compaction phase except the Piston is forced downwards as consequence of the combustion gases force per unit areas, hence power is produced during this phase and absorbed by the Piston. A noticeable bead in both temperature and force per unit area is go oning due to the enlargement go oning this is seen 3-4 in Figure 3 [ 3 ] . Stage four is the phase where gases are allowed to get away outside the cylinder this is shown in figure 4 portion ( vitamin D ) .In this phase the Exhaust valve is opened and this Piston moves once more up wards to coerce the staying gases outside the cylinder this is shown in 5-0 in the P-V diagram in Figure 3 [ 3 ] . This is where an engine finish one rhythm now the same rhythm is repeated merely with commixture of residuary gasses ( gases that did non get away during the exhaust phase ) [ 3 ] . Figure P-V diagram Figure Four-Stroke Engine phases The advantages of holding four shot engines over the 2 shot engines are many such as the four shot engines are much more fuel economic than the 2 stroke engines cause during 2 phases at that place is non adequate clip to fire all fuel, which once more leads to another advantage of being less polluted than 2 stroke engines as it tends to fire most of the mixture. Another advantage being that the four shot engine produces more torsion at low revolutions per minute when compared to the 2 shots engines this is once more related to the fuel combustion and the clip take to devour the energy over all. Furthermore comparing both engines in lastingness country, a immense advantage is found on the four shot engine than it is in the two shot engine, the ground being is that 2 shot engines are to run at truly revolutions to bring forth power and the more you revolute the more you wear your engine constituents [ 4 ] . Furthermore, when comparing both engine gasolene and Diesel there are certain points where the gasolene return advantage over Diesel while the other manner around in some other, when it comes to power and torsion it is a split determination between them none of them radiances, it is more like based on the application. When fuel economic system Diesel takes over in this field as the energy denseness in fuel is higher than this present in gasolene which means takes batch energy to bring forth the same power produced by a Diesel engine [ 5 ] . Another field to look at is cost when comparing both engines a gasolene is cheaper than a Diesel as Diesel engine required to work under high compaction ratios therefore everything comes with monetary value. Noise and quiver a gasolene engine takes over this field as it is much more quitter than a diesel engine and it agitate less and sometimes it is even difficult to state if a gasolene engine is running at low velocity [ 5 ] . Cold conditionss is another facet to compare both engine and the advantage of gasolene is by clear stat mi as the gasolene tends to hold flicker stoppers which helps in get the better ofing the cold conditions unlike Diesel engines where it self-ignite which means it may take clip before it can make so. Maintenance wise, the gasolene engines have advantage in short-run as there are several grounds doing Diesel to lose in this class such as big sum of oil nowadays in the engine fuel filters and so on [ 5 ] . Fuel cost, Diesel engines tend to hold it as advantage because Diesel is easy to polish from natural gasoline than gasolene which means it cost less than gasolene normally but nevertheless in some instances, Diesel may stop up with high monetary values as it is non a usual fuel to run vehicle in that specific part. Finally fuel handiness gasolene is more likely to be found all over states than the Diesels found as it is used more frequently when it comes to autos for obvious grounds such as comfort and safety and size [ 5 ] .Engine public presentationEngine public presentation is normally referred to as engine efficiency ( ? ) . There are different sorts of efficiency that outline the overall public presentation of an engine, such as [ 3 ] : Indicated thermic efficiency ( -Indicated thermic efficiency is fundamentally defined as how much energy in an indicated power ( & A ; igrave ; P ) is ensuing per the injected fuel ( & A ; igrave ; degree Fahrenheit ) [ 3 ] . Brake thermic efficiency ( -This is similar to the Indicated thermic efficiency except it defines the interruption power instead than the indicated power, so it is how much interruption power ( is ensuing due to fuel injected ( & A ; igrave ; degree Fahrenheit ) [ 3 ] . Mechanical thermic efficiency ( -Mechanical efficiency is defined and found to be as sum of interruption power ( to the corresponding indicated power ( and may besides be found by as the sum of interruption thermic efficiency to a corresponding thermal indicated efficiency [ 3 ] . Volumetric efficiency ( – This efficiency normally found as how much volume flow rate of air is sucked in an engine over the rate of displaced volume [ 3 ] . Density is the denseness of air at the recess valve. This efficiency is consider to be an of import parametric quantity that defines and outlines the over all of four shot engines. As the overall engine external respiration is controlled by this efficiency [ 3 ] . Furthermore, the better status of air sucked in by engine will specify the power of the engine under the status of an engine will suck in every bit much air allowed indoors. The mean ideal volumetric efficiency found when using full accelerator in spark engines is between 80 % -85 % [ 3 ] . You want maximize the volumetric efficiency of an engine to increase the thermic efficiency of an engine which will increases the overall public presentation of an engine [ 3 ] . Relative efficiency ( – Relative efficiency is explained as the sum of thermic efficiency produced by an engine during a rhythm compared to an ideal rhythm. The value of the comparative efficiency is of import as it defines the advancement of an engine [ 3 ] . Mean Piston velocity ( ) -the average Piston velocity counts and play a immense function in specifying engine public presentation it is found to be as L is the shot of Piston N is the grouch shaft rotational velocity The average Piston velocity defines how much each phase of the four shot engines is efficient. However this parametric quantity comes with bounds as the gases resist fluxing into an engine or as the emphasis produced due to the clash of different traveling constituents [ 3 ] . Specific power end product ( – Specific power end product is found to be the sum of power produced to the corresponding Piston country, this can be used to specify how good is the Piston country used by the engine maker to bring forth power without taking cylinder size into consideration [ 3 ] . Specific Fuel ingestion ( sfc ) -The sum of fuel consumed by an engine is normally explained and defined by the specific fuel ingestion, which is found by spliting the fuel over clip by the power produced by the engine. The value of SFC tells how good is the engine executing [ 3 ] . Fuel/Air ( F/A ) ratio or air/fuel ratio ( A/F ) – this is another of import factor that consequence the overall public presentation of an engine, it is really of import to fit the right values of fuel and air. Looking at both footings normally the term fuel to air is used as the fuel is the factor altering with the velocity in four shot engine. There are three different sorts of mixtures that can ensue of different ratios ; the first mixture is referred to it as chemically right ( stoichiometric ) sum of air to make complete burning of all fuel, 2nd one is called Rich mixture where the ratio of fuel interior is higher to the corresponding air atoms, and eventually the thin mixture where the sum of fuel/air ratio is less than stoichiometric. Thin mixtures are considered to be the most efficient [ 3 ] . The chief point to make the end of high efficiency is to make full the cylinder of an engine with every bit much possible and so combust in an efficient manner. To command how much is the charge being drawn by a cylinder, a really of import constituent plays a great function in commanding that, Cam shafts, as an addition on the valve gap or being lifted will ensue in restricting the limitation on the charge at the consumption which will take to and increase on the sum drawn to inside of the cylinder [ 6 ] . This is reasonably simple and non a difficult undertaking to accomplish. However the consequence of imbrication is complicated, overlapping is defined as the period where the consumption valve and the fumes valve are unfastened at the same clip [ 6 ] . To explicate, when the fumes valve is unfastened during the exhaust phase, at the terminal of that phase the air being exhausted out could do to suck in more charges into the cylinder if the consumption valve is unfastened to a certain extent, this relates to good fumes scavenging ( the procedure of taking left combusted gases out of the cylinder and make fulling it with new mixture ) [ 6 ] . Second point to maximise the air at the recess, an consumption design should be near idle at relation with the camshafts. Different RPM required different smuggler times and diameters [ 6 ] . At low RPM, Long but little diameter smuggler are required which will ensue in making maximal intake speed, therefore will take to higher intake inactiveness. As the RPM increases the diameter smugglers tend to increase in size and acquire shorter. Besides an addition in the figure of intake valves and recess ports will take to an addition of charges inside of cylinder nevertheless this is tend to be limited to the design of the burning chamber [ 6 ] . Compaction ratios are considered to be a high precedence factor that enhances an engine public presentation, the higher the compaction ratio the more thermic efficiency. But merely like any other factor this comes with a restriction as the more compress a mixture, the more you move towards self-ignite ( as the enlargement of fuel/air mixture will ensue in high temperature which will take the fuel to light before the release of the flicker ) this is the nomenclature used to run diesel engines. Another ground of the restriction of ability to increase the compaction ratio is that it may explode if non self-ignite ( explode besides known as the engine knock, it is defined as the combustion of fuel at high temperatures due to high compaction ratios which will take to strike hard or sudden detonation inside of a burning engine ) . The ideal compaction ratios that normally a crude oil engine can manage are around 10.5:1 [ 6 ] . However, in existent life scenario engines are capable to losingss at every phase, so even as it is desired to hold 100 % efficiency, it is rather impossible to accomplish due to clash and other grounds such as transmittal and so on, the ideal flicker ignition engine will hold about 25 % -30 % maximal [ 2 ] .Internal burning engines fabricating and managing practical facetsIn general internal burning engines existed since long clip now and different sort of development and betterment where introduced to the engines in which some of them where successful and some of them where non. A batch of these developments where discarded as it did non turn out it is functionality. Most engines that exist today are merely improved versions of those in early ages, Engine Design count to be a major of import facet while fabricating an engine, as any mistake or misidentify in little inside informations can be the company a batch of money other than impacting the safety and the comfort of a rider. En gine design requires critical determinations that are non based on mathematical background instead situational [ 7 ] . A successful engine design sing weight, majority, finicky and dependability and lastingness will depend on how good is the original elaborate design. Major jobs during planing an engine and fabricating an engine occur such as Structural unity, which means offering a portion practical structural place that can manage a batch of the end point gas force per unit areas, thermic enlargements and vibrational forces without adding excess cost and weight or size in the engine, it is a really hard undertaking to accomplish and yet the most of import factor to see while looking at designing/manufacturing of an engine [ 7 ] . Choosing the right stuff in which each portion of the engine is manufactured from is another critical measure to be taken attention of ; as the status inside of an engine differs some of portion should defy high force per unit areas while other should stand high temperatures. Besides the ability of these stuffs to defy different sort of day-to-day conditions such as wear, corrosions and so on based on the location of each portion, In general the stuff used to fabricate parts of engines are about standardised nevertheless the sum of complexs inside the stuff is still a variable to look at in order to accomplish good consequences [ 7 ] . Packaging and put ining engine inside of vehicle requires a deep idea to insulating the engine from the vehicle construction to cut down all the quiver cause by the inertial minute of engine which if transmitted will take to noises and unwanted uncomfortable drive. Engine saddle horses are at that place to function and assist in work outing this job, their chief map is to back up the engine weight inside a auto goon and to halt transmittal of the vibrational voices which limits the above conditions and increases comfort of the drive. Choosing the right saddle horse for the engine to settle on is really of import as if the saddle horse chosen is non suited it may take to clefts and interrupting down of the engine pipes and fumes pipes which will do a batch of money to replace [ 8 ] . The factors above were considered while doing and planing an engine and so put ining. Another facet to look at is the care of engines after installing and how it affects the overall public presentation of an engine and the life clip of that peculiar engine. Furthermore since engines are running normally at really high temperatures, and most of the energy released is heat, a chilling system is required to be installed to forestall engine off of overheating, furthermore chilling systems have another of import function which is to heat up the engine at really fast rate yet maintain it on coveted temperature, cause engine running at cold conditions will increase the wear of it constituents and the rate of bring forthing pollutant gases, another ground to keep engines at changeless coveted temperature is that to hold the burning chamber hot plenty to accomplish complete burn of the fuel and to keep the oil at low viscousness values which make it easy for the engines portion to travel. There are two different types of engine chilling which is either liquid or air chilling [ 9 ] . When it comes to utilize of auto, it is used on day-to-day footing so maintenance of different sort of auto parts is required ; engine care is one of those parts. Carburetors that mix fuel should be checked on regular footing to guarantee holding the right mixtures to fire, Oil altering is required every bit good on regular as it has of import function of lubricating the engine parts such as Piston and camshafts and linking rods and many others, oil systems are normally running in a cringle where the oil is collected eventually in a sump, the oil normally should be changed cause it accumulates soil and wont lubricate as much, do oil additives will finally turn less so it will non be as effectual [ 2 ] .Well to wheel Energy/ EmissionsWell to wheel energy is defined as the energy spent from pull outing different fuels from the natural stuff up until the energy is used by the auto and released as emanations. There are two chief phrase should be understood, first one is the Well to Tank ( WIT ) which is the energy spent to acquire fuel from natural stuff extracted from to the fuel pumps and armored combat vehicles and ready to be distributed for autos, the other is called Tank to Wheel ( TIW ) which is defined as sum of energy released during pumping and combustion of fuel up until its consumed and used by the auto wheels as mechanical energy, ( WIT ) and ( TIW ) represent a life rhythm of fuel which is shown in figure ( 5 ) .The usual fluid found and used in the internal burning engines in automotive field such as gasolene and Diesel are extracted from rough oil [ 10 ] . Extraction of rough oil is normally by natural force per unit area of belowground armored combat vehicles, nevertheless some state of affairs it requires the gas force per unit area injected in to pull out the petroleum oil, following measure is to stabilise the rough oil before transporting it as it is normally come with gases ( normally either shipped as by merchandise or used to shoot back into the belowground armored combat vehicles ) . The status of pull outing rough oil and bring forthing it vary based on many factors such as part it is extracted from, Fieldss, even from one well to another. So accurate value of emanations and energy can non be stated, an appraisal of those values can be give as 3.3g emanations eq/MJ and 0.025 MJ/MJ, normally the petroleum oil available for usage in Europe states is shipped all the manner from Gulf states this explain the low energy spent as it tends to be at low scope in that part where petroleum oils extracted [ 10 ] . C: UsersGambitDesktopFu el cycle.JPG Figure Fuel Cycle Well To Wheel Crude oils so shipped to different states to be refined after it has been extracted and produced. Largely rough oil is transported utilizing the sea but this may alter based on the distance it has to go, another mean of transit of petroleum oil is the grapevine through different countries such as Russian country to the European eastern states [ 10 ] . Here once more the diverseness of transporting a fuel it makes it difficult to gauge the entire energy/emissions, but since it is already considered most fuel is from in-between east the values of energy is around 10MJ/MJ and 0.8 eq/MJ [ 10 ] . Now that the petroleum oil has been transported to European part it has to be refined before usage, so the survey of energy spent and emanations produced is based on surveies in the Europe refineries. Oil refinery fundamentally is to divide different constituents of the petroleum oil, acquire rid of the unwanted compounds such as sulfur, altering the heavy molecules presented to want light leaden molecules. Usually refineries spent an norm of 6 % of energy to bring forth and polish, oil refineries tends to make a batch of merchandises from one stock, so it is about impossible to divide and happen values of energy and co2 emanations of individual merchandise but instead the values of the refinery itself as whole. However a unsmooth appraisal can be achieved based on survey done on 3 different merchandises and different sort of restriction has been set before giving the consequences shown in graph ( 6 ) [ 10 ] . Figure Energy and Greenhouse Gases emanations in refineries Then fuel is transported to fuel station by different sort of mean such as route oiler, trains or even grapevines, to presume the entire energy and emanation produced, all of the above transit is been taken into consideration. A value of 20KJ and more than 1 gram combining weight per MJ is set to be the concluding station of fuel [ 10 ] . The standard NEDC [ New European Driving Cycle ] has been taken as mention for ciphering and gauging the TTW emanations and fuel ingestions. The usual route fuels are taking into consideration while gauging the value below in the graphs based on the NEDC ordinance and computations. Harmonizing to many surveies that the mix of different engineerings are introduced to run autos are turning so that is taken into consideration as good [ 11 ] . The NEDC WTW Energy and emanation equations are given below as [ 11 ] : WTW GHG ( g CO2eq/km ) = TTW GHG ( g CO2eq/km ) + TTW energy ( MJf/100 km ) /100 ten WTT GHG ( g CO2eq/ MJf ) [ 10 ] Entire WTW energy ( MJ/100 km ) = TTW energy ( MJf/100 km ) x ( 1 + WTT sum expended energy ( MJxt/MJf ) ) [ 10 ] The information in figure ( 7 ) and figure ( 8 ) represent the energy spent and used to travel the auto in a European rhythm for 1 kilometers without neglect to the beginning of the fuel [ 11 ] . Figure ( 6 ) illustrate the well to wheel energy spent by different type of vehicles such larboard injection flicker ignition ( PISI ) , direct injection flicker ignition ( DISI ) for both gasolene and Diesel over the old ages of 2002 boulder clay 2010 and so including different sort of intercrossed autos in the 2010s. We can observer a batch of betterment towards utilizing energy as the DICI and PICI engines are shuting the spread between them with respect to efficiency and fuel ingestion as the engineering is taking a good advantages of turbocharging and downsizing, every bit good as traveling towards intercrossed autos the energy consuming is improved by about 15 % in crude oil engines and 18 % in Diesel [ 11 ] . So the focal point towards constructing intercrossed autos and bettering bing 1s will assist in sufficiently in diminishing the energy consumed to run autos. [ 11 ] Figure WTW Energy Using NEDC Cycle 2002-2010 Figure 7 represents the Greenhouse Gases emitted WTW Numberss utilizing the NEDC route Cycle once more, and as said earlier the PICI and DICI are traveling towards bettering and the spread in between them is contracting and every bit good as they are acquiring closer to viing with diesel efficiency due to grounds Clearfield before, now as the efficiency of any engine addition means the fuel ingestion decreases which means less fuel to fire to acquire same energy, less fuel mean less emanations are produced. Hybrid autos debut and betterments is assisting a batch in cut downing the emanations because electrical constituents function otherwise and a burn of chemical energy is non required hence, there is no release of gases [ 11 ] . Figure WTW Greenhouse Gas emanations Using NEDC Cycle as mention

Judith Beveridge Speech

Judith Beveridge is a poet of great detail. Her poems are written with strong use of language. Strong imagery of her observations and contrasts of her views help create her poems meaning and effect on the reader. Beveridge’s texts are valuable to the understanding of human and nature’s precious life, and her appreciation for life in all. Through her two poems ‘the domesticity of Giraffes’ and ‘the streets of Chippendale’ these both communicate her ideas and values the strongest. One of Beveridge’s strongest values is of life, in ‘the domesticity of giraffes’ this is displayed from the first sentence of the second stanza. ‘I think of her graceful on her plain’ Beveridge puts herself into the poem, her thoughts of the giraffe in her natural state, gracefully running in the wild. The entire second stanza is crammed with imagery; each line creates a new picture in the mind of the giraffe being free. A strong metaphor end the stanza ‘She could be a big slim bird before flight’ this metaphor symbolising that could be the giraffe’s freedom. This is Beveridge’s only positive stanza throughout this poem this is very effective to display her thoughts on what the giraffes life should look be like. Continuing into the poem, violence and pain in the giraffe is described strongly using several similes. ‘ Her tongue like a black leather strap’,’ bruised apple eyed’ words of strong violence and pain as though the giraffe appears beaten up and battered, this use of violent imagery is disturbing and makes you think deeper about how the giraffes natural appearance seems to have disappeared. Beveridge observes the giraffe licking the wire for salt and gazing around her pen, her gaze has the loneliness of smoke’. Beveridge describes the giraffes unnatural habits, she becomes a part of the poem again by ‘ offering the giraffe the salt of her hand’ ‘ the giraffe in sensual agony’, this point of desperation for the giraffe is extremely unnatural and saddening to see her have to go to such measures to have what she needs. In ‘the streets of Chippendale’ life is at its lowest. For a suburb that seems so upper class and pleasant for the names of the streets Ivy, vine, rose and myrtle are so beautiful, all of these names are very misleading. Life in Chippendale is rough, alcoholic and sad. Beveridge uses juxtaposition to contrast the names of the streets with what they sound to be. ‘Abercrombie sounds like the eccentric unmarried third cousin’ ‘but Abercrombie’s different’. Beveridge personifies the street as though it is a grumbling, alcoholic, causing trouble and disturbance. There is so much violence, as though men are fighting in their drunken confident state to up their lacking self esteem. ‘Sad daughter of the ruined slipper’ violence sexual abuse nothing of what is accepted in society. The community of Chippendale has no value anymore, no society morals exist. Life is not valued or precious, there seem to be no happy memories to ever come from this place ‘ streets go to wall like families’ ‘ ivy vine rose and myrtle not one of your descendants mourns your loss’ the people of Chippendale don’t want to remember this place at all. Though above the grime and run down nature, ‘Thomas and Edward have climbed to new heights, incomes and renovations, things are slightly looking up in one small part of town. The streets of Chippendale are very male dominated. Beveridge particularly portrays this with certain lines, images in our minds from the words beer mates drunks and work boot bruises come together to create the image of a man after work, in his late night alcoholic state. This poem shows a strong inequality between men and women. The tale of Abercrombie Street is dark and sad. The street is personified as a pub crawler. ‘Hits the bottle with a dozen pubs, grumbles like a drunken parent, these similes reflect Beveridge’s views on how the street behaves. Beer mates come together her with a feel for violence ‘someone smashes the street lights’’ sad daughter of the ruined slipper’ Beveridge has created the image of Chippendale to be one big self destructed mess. The feeling of male dominancy and female inequality is overwhelmed throughout the poem and is valuable to show how society can really be this way. The same dominancy is seen in ‘the domesticity of giraffes’ in desperation the female giraffe needs salt. But in no natural way can she get enough. The male bull indolently lets down his penis drenching the pavement. Beveridge uses emotive language to describe how the female giraffe in desperation goes for whets her needs. ‘She thrusts her tongue under his rich stream to get moisture for her thoundath chew. The word thrusts create the image of the female giraffe lowering herself to his waste to get what she needs. Throughout every one of Judith Beveridge poems, her structure and language forms that she uses are what make her poems phenomenal. By use of strong imagery, similes, juxtaposition and personification our minds can picture what she has written about clearly. The pain of the giraffe in its enclosure would not seem as harsh and unwanted if it was not for the violent images that are created in our minds and the several similes to compare how the image seems in real life. She languorously swings her tongue’ like a black leather strap ‘bruised apple eyed’’ legs stark as telegraph poles’ Beveridge seems effortless in creating this giraffes appearance. Juxtaposition is repetitively used throughout Beveridge’s poems this is useful to create and enhance different images in our minds. Chippendale’s streets are personified and their names are explained as what they sound to be, ivy vine rose and myrtle, Hugo and Louis, Abercrombie they could have been the homes of kindly aunts, respected gentlemen strolling past, but they’re nothing but beer mates of Abercrombie. In this poem juxtaposition and enjambment are Beveridge’s two strongest language forms these help create a certain image of the town, and help the poem to flow right through and connect nicely. Each of Beveridge’s poems is valuable. Each explores human’s exploitation to nature and morals of society. The issue of life and its value, men and women’s inequality are actively discussed through both poems ‘the domesticity of giraffes’ and ‘the streets of Chippendale’ both poems are valuable to create one persons view that not many other people observe so deeply.

Free Essays on Y2K

Today, well into the third second year of the 21st century, many businesses and governments are breathing a sigh of relief that the millennium has passed without any of the predicted 'Y2K' disasters - planes falling out of the sky, ice boxes and other household gismos going wild , the whole economy coming to a screeching halt, etc. The businesses and governments worldwide had spent billions of dollars and tens of thousands of man-hours trying to ensure 'Y2K' compliance. The press and "experts" of academia took their age-old COBOL bashing to a new height and intensity and created the 'Y2K crisis'. COBOL was made out to be the mother of all evils in the computer world. Rear Admiral Grace Hopper, the first female admiral of the US Navy, was the mother of COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language). COBOL was 'invented' out of her Flow-Matic program, which was developed by her to teach computers plain English commands. The Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) was set up under the DOD sponsorship. On May 28, 1959, the University of Pennsylvania. The first meeting was convened by Admiral Hooper representing the Department of Defense (DOD). CODASYL was made of independent language experts and information technology technicians from commercial-industry, finance, manufacturing, retail, computer software vendors, government, and academia. Its main mission was to correct a deficiency of computer language standards in the field and to formulate a common business programming language. The initial specifications for COBOL were presented by CODASYL in April of 1960. It was designed to be a business language that was problem oriented and machine independent. COBOL was designed for continuous changes and development. COBOL was an effort to make a programming language that was like natural English, easy to write and easier to read so that even the user can read the source and see exactly what the computer is doing or supposed to do. An i... Free Essays on Y2K Free Essays on Y2K Today, well into the third second year of the 21st century, many businesses and governments are breathing a sigh of relief that the millennium has passed without any of the predicted 'Y2K' disasters - planes falling out of the sky, ice boxes and other household gismos going wild , the whole economy coming to a screeching halt, etc. The businesses and governments worldwide had spent billions of dollars and tens of thousands of man-hours trying to ensure 'Y2K' compliance. The press and "experts" of academia took their age-old COBOL bashing to a new height and intensity and created the 'Y2K crisis'. COBOL was made out to be the mother of all evils in the computer world. Rear Admiral Grace Hopper, the first female admiral of the US Navy, was the mother of COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language). COBOL was 'invented' out of her Flow-Matic program, which was developed by her to teach computers plain English commands. The Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) was set up under the DOD sponsorship. On May 28, 1959, the University of Pennsylvania. The first meeting was convened by Admiral Hooper representing the Department of Defense (DOD). CODASYL was made of independent language experts and information technology technicians from commercial-industry, finance, manufacturing, retail, computer software vendors, government, and academia. Its main mission was to correct a deficiency of computer language standards in the field and to formulate a common business programming language. The initial specifications for COBOL were presented by CODASYL in April of 1960. It was designed to be a business language that was problem oriented and machine independent. COBOL was designed for continuous changes and development. COBOL was an effort to make a programming language that was like natural English, easy to write and easier to read so that even the user can read the source and see exactly what the computer is doing or supposed to do. An i... Free Essays on Y2K CHAPTER 1 Introduction The year 2000 computer issue is defined by Zetlin (1998) as â€Å"the result of a universal programming standard that records dates as six digits rather than eight, using only two digits for the year. Software that uses two-digit year fields (that is, almost all of it) will understand the year 2000 as â€Å"00† if the problem is not corrected in time† (pg. 1). The medical industry as a whole will approach year 2000 with months of new system implementations and developing contingency plans to deal with problems associated with Y2K. Medical manufacturers must pay close attention to the way medical facilities plan for Y2K. The variances in facilities ordering patterns due to Y2K could affect the medical manufacturers forecasts and inventory levels leading to a shortage of supplies. Also computer system compliance issues could result in loss of medical records or critical medical equipment failure. Manufacturers typically use historical usage to forecast for the coming year. However, with potential changes in ordering patterns, some adjustments may be necessary to meet customers’ needs. In addition, computer systems must be Y2K compliant to ensure Electronic Data Interface (EDI) which is used to exchanges computer data will function properly and patients health will not be at risk. For the purpose of this study, I have created a ficticious medical supply manufacturer, Equiptek Industries, which will be located in the eastern part of the United States. Background Medical facilities across the United States are concerned with critical date sensitive medical devices and products availability as January 1, 2000 approaches. Hospital concerns include issues such as the scheduling of elective procedures and supply issues with manufactures. Elective procedures are medical procedures that are non-emergency and can, if necessary, be postponed. Laura Bruce (1999) states â€Å"Have extra staff on hand and don...

Isabella of Portugal (1503 - 1539), Habsburg Queen

Isabella of Portugal (1503 - 1539), Habsburg Queen Isabella of Portugal Facts Known for: regent of Spain during long absences of her husband, Charles V, Holy Roman EmperorTitles: Empress, Holy Roman Empire; Queen of Germany, Spain, Naples, and Sicily; Duchess of Burgundy; princess (Infanta) of PortugalDates: October 24, 1503 - May 1, 1539 Background, Family: Mother: Maria of Castile and Aragon Maternal grandparents: Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon.Maria was the second wife of Manuel IManuels first wife, Isabella, Princess of Asturias, was Marias sister,  the eldest daughter of Isabella I and Ferdinand IIManuels third wife, Eleanor of Austria, was a niece of both Maria and Isabella, Manuels wives Father: Manuel I of Portugal Paternal grandfather: Ferdinand, Duke of ViseuPaternal grandmother: Beatrice of PortugalBeatrice was a sister-in-law and first cousin of Afonso V of Portugal, and mother-in-law and second cousin of John II of PortugalBeatrices sister, also called  Isabella of Portugal, married John II of Castile, and was the mother of Isabella IManuel succeeded his first cousin, John II of Portugal, who was married to Manuels sister, Eleanor of ViseuManuels older brother, Diogo, was stabbed to death by John II Siblings of Isabella of Portugal: Miguel de Paz, Prince of Portugal and AsturiasJohn III of PortugalBeatrice, Duchess of SavoyLouisFerdinandCardinal AfonsoHenryEdwardMaria, Duchess of Viseau Marriage, Children: Husband: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (married March 11, 1526) Charles was Isabellas first cousinhis father was Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy and Holy Roman Emperorhis mother was Joanna of Castile (known as Juana the Mad), a sister of Isabellas mother, Maria, both daughters of Isabella I and Ferdinand IIIsabellas brother, John III of Portugal, had earlier married Catherine of Austria, sister of Charles V, in 1525 Children: Philip II of Spain (1527 - 1598), who married four times: Maria Manuela of Portugal, Mary I of England, Elizabeth of France, and Anna of AustriaMaria (1528 - 1603), Holy Roman Empress, married to Maximilian II, her first cousinJoan of Austria  (1535 - 1573), who married her double first cousin, John (Joo Manuel) of Portugal; their child was King Sebastian of Portugal, who died without childrenThree children who were stillborn or died in infancy: Ferdinand (1529 - 1530), John (1537 - 1538), and an unnamed son (1539) Isabella of Portugal Biography: Isabella was born the second of the children of Manuel I of Portugal and his second wife, Maria of Castile and Aragon.  She was born in a year of sharp decline in  her grandmother, Isabella I of Castile, who died the next year. Marriage When her father died in 1521, her brother, John III of Portugal, negotiated a marriage with Catherine of Austria, sister of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor. That marriage took place in 1525, by which time negotiations had arranged for Charles to marry Isabella. They were married on March 10, 1526, at the  Alczar, a Moorish palace. John III and Isabella, brother and sister, were first cousins of the sister and brother they married: they were all grandchildren of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, whose marriage united Spain. Isabella and Charles may have married for financial and dynastic reasons she brought a large dowry to Spain but letters of the time show that their relationship was more than just a marriage of convenience. Charles V is known for creating a world empire, molding a great Habsburg empire which was rooted in Spain rather than in Germany.  Before his marriage to Isabella, other marriages had been explored for him, including marrying a daughter of Louis XII and a sister, Mary Tudor, of Henry VIII of England, a Hungarian princess.  Mary Tudor married the King of France, but after she was widowed, talks had begun to marry her to Charles V.  When the alliance of Henry VIII and Charles V fell apart, and Charles was still in conflict with France, the marriage with Isabella of Portugal was the logical choice. Isabella has been described as frail and delicate from the time of her marriage. They shared religious piety.   Children and Legacy During Charles absences from Spain in 1529-1532 and 1535-1539, Isabella served as his regent. They had six children, of whom the first, third and fifth survived to adulthood. During one of Charles absences, Isabella died after giving birth to her sixth child, a stillbirth. She was buried at Granada. Charles did not remarry, though that was the usual custom for rulers.  He wore mourning black until his death. He later built a royal tomb, where the remains of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal are together with those of Charles mother, Juana, two of his sisters, two of their children who died in infancy, and a daughter-in-law. Isabella  and Charles son Philip II became ruler of Spain, and in 1580, also became the ruler of Portugal.  This temporarily united the two Iberian countries. A portrait of Empress Isabella by Titian portrays her at her needlework, presumably waiting for the return of her husband. Joan of Austria and Sebastian of Portugal This daughter of Isabella of Portugal was the mother of the ill-fated Sebastian of Portugal and ruled Spain as regent for her brother Philip II. Known for:  Habsburg princess; regent of Spain for her brother,  Philip II Title by marriage:  Princess of PortugalDates:  June 24, 1535 - September 7, 1573Also known as:  Joan of Spain, Joanna, doà ±a Juana, Dona Joana Marriage, Children: husband: Infante John Manuel, Prince of Portugal (married 1552)one child:Sebastian  of Portugal (1554 - 1578) Joan of Austria Biography: Joan was born in Madrid. Her father was King of Aragon and King of Castile, the first to rule the united Spain, as well as Holy Roman Emperor. Joan was therefore also an Infanta of Spain as well as an Archduchess of Austria, part of the powerful Habsburg family. Joan was married in 1552 to John Manuel, Infante of Portugal and expected heir to that throne. He was her double first cousin. The Habsburg family tended to marry cousins; both their parents were also first cousins of each other. Joan and John Manuel shared the same grandmothers, who were sisters: Joanna I and Maria, daughters of Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon. They also shared the same two grandfathers: Philip I of Castile and Manuel I of Portugal. 1554 1554 was a momentous year. John Manuel had always been sickly, surviving four brothers who died before him. On January 2, when Joan was pregnant with her first child, John Manuel died, of consumption or diabetes. He was only 16 years old. On the 20th of that month, Joan gave birth to their son Sebastian. When his paternal grandfather John III died three years later, Sebastian became king. His paternal grandmother, Catherine of Austria, was regent for Sebastian from 1557 to 1562. But Joan left later in 1554 for Spain, without her son. Her brother, Philip II, had married the English Queen Mary I, and Philip joined Mary in England. Joan never saw her son again, though they corresponded. Convent of the Poor Clares In 1557, Joan founded a convent for the Poor Clares, Our Lady of Consolation. She also supported the Jesuits. Joan died in 1578, only 38 years old, and was buried at the convent she had founded, which became known as the Convent of Las Descalzas Reales. Sebastian's Fate Sebastian never married, and died on August 4, 1578, in battle when attempting a crusade against Morocco. He was only 22 years old. Myths of his survival of the battle and imminent return led to him being called The Desired (o Desejado).